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Tuesday, July 7, 2009

Improving Grubbs’ II type ruthenium catalysts by appropriately modifying the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand

Ludovic Vieille-Petit, Xinjun Luan, Michele Gatti, Sascha Blumentritt, Anthony Linden, Herve´ Clavier, Steven P. Nolanb and Reto Dorta
Chem. Commun., 2009, 3783–3785

Monday, July 6, 2009

Antibacterial cyclic D,L-a-glycopeptides

Leila Motiei, Shai Rahimipour, Desiree A. Thayer, Chi-Huey Wong and M. Reza Ghadiri
Chem. Commun., 2009, 3693–3695

Gold nanoring arrays from responsive block copolymer templates

Li Wang, Franck Montagne, Patrik Hoffmannb and Raphael Pugina
Chem. Commun., 2009, 3798–3800

Several Suzuki coupling reactions

1. Synthesis of the Isoxazolo[4,3,2-de]phenanthridinone Moiety of the Parnafungins
Organic letters, 2009, 11, 2936

2. Heteroaryl Ethers by Oxidative Palladium Catalysis of Pyridotriazol-1-yloxy Pyrimidines with
Arylboronic Acids

Organic letters, 2009, 11, 2511

3. A Triarylphosphine Ligand Bearing Dodeca(ethylene glycol) Chains: Enhanced Efficiency in the Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Organic letters, 2009, 11, 2121

4. Trifunctional N,N,O-Terdentate Amido/Pyridyl Carboxylate Ligated Pd(II) Complexes for Heck and Suzuki Reactions
J. O. C., 2009, 74, 4882

SCIENCE, VOL 324, 26 JUNE 2009,1637

Antibiotics in Nature: Beyond Biological Warfare
CHRISTINE MLOT

Science, 325, 3rd July 2009, 73

Self-Assembling Sequence-Adaptive Peptide Nucleic Acids
Yasuyuki Ura et al.

Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009,19, 1–8

Spontaneous Lamellar Alignment in Thickness-Modulated Block Copolymer Films
Hoon Kim, Hyung Min Lee, Joo-Hyung Lee, Seung-Woo Son, Seong-Jun Jeong, Sumi Lee, Dong Il Lee, Sin Ung Kwak, Hawoong Jeong, Hyunjung Shin, Jun-Bo Yoon, Oleg D. Lavrentovich, and Sang Ouk Kim


ACS Nano, 2009, 3 (6), pp 1423–1430

Polymer-Assisted Direct Deposition of Uniform Carbon Nanotube Bundle Networks for High Performance Transparent Electrodes

Abstract:

Flexible transparent electrodes are crucial for touch screen, flat panel display, and solar cell technologies. While carbon nanotube network electrodes show promise, characteristically poor dispersion properties have limited their practicality. We report that addition of small amounts of conjugated polymer to nanotube dispersions enables straightforward fabrication of uniform network electrodes by spin-coating and simultaneous tuning of parameters such as bundle size and density. After treatment in thionyl chloride, electrodes have sheet resistances competitive with other reported carbon nanotube based transparent electrodes to date.

ACS Nano, 2009, 3 (6), pp 1335–1344

Homogeneous Conjugation of Peptides onto Gold Nanoparticles Enhances Macrophage Response

Abstract:

Murine bone marrow macrophages were able to recognize gold nanoparticle peptide conjugates, while peptides or nanoparticles alone were not recognized. Consequently, in the presence of conjugates, macrophage proliferation was stopped and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) were induced. Furthermore, macrophage activation by gold nanoparticles conjugated to different peptides appeared to be rather independent of peptide length and polarity, but dependent on peptide pattern at the nanoparticle surface. Correspondingly, the biochemical type of response also depended on the type of conjugated peptide and could be correlated with the degree of ordering in the peptide coating. These findings help to illustrate the basic requirements involved in medical nanoparticle conjugate design to either activate the immune system or hide from it in order to reach their targets before being removed by phagocytes.

Friday, July 3, 2009

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, 7, 2855

Porphyrin-linked nitroimidazole antibiotics targeting Porphyromonas gingivalis
Benjamin C.-M. Yap, Grace L. Simpkins, Charles A. Collyer, Neil Hunter and Maxwell J. Crossley

JACS, 131, 7480-7936, 2009

Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptides by Rational Combinatorial Design and High-Throughput Screening: The Importance of Interfacial Activity
Ramesh Rathinakumar, William F. Walkenhorst and William C. Wimley
pp 7609–7617

JACS, 131, 8338-8718, 2009

Nucleotide-Responsive Wettability on a Smart Polymer Surface
Guangyan Qing, Xing Wang, Harald Fuchs and Taolei Sun
pp 8370–8371

JACS, 131, 8720-9132, 2009

Fluorescein Redirects a Ruthenium−Octaarginine Conjugate to the Nucleus
Cindy A. Puckett and Jacqueline K. Barton
pp 8738–8739

A Biomimetic Modular Polymer with Tough and Adaptive Properties
Aaron M. Kushner, John D. Vossler, Gregory A. Williams and Zhibin Guan
pp 8766–8768

JACS, 131, 9134-9466, 2009

Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Block Copolymers Containing Sequence-Ordered Segments
Sebastian Pfeifer, Zoya Zarafshani, Nezha Badi and Jean-Franois Lutz
pp 9195–9197

Localized and Sustained Delivery of Silencing RNA from Macroscopic Biopolymer Hydrogels
Melissa D. Krebs, Oju Jeon and Eben Alsberg
pp 9204–9206

From Synthesis to Biologics: Preclinical Data on a Chemistry Derived Anticancer Vaccine
Jianglong Zhu, Qian Wan, Dongjoo Lee, Guangbin Yang, Maria K. Spassova, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Govind Ragupathi, Payal Damani, Philip O. Livingston and Samuel J. Danishefsky
pp 9298–9303

Thursday, July 2, 2009

Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol 210, Iss 12 (June 09)

Has Click Chemistry Lead to a Paradigm Shift in Polymer Material Design?
Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Andrew J. Inglis
p 987-992

JPSA, Vol 47, Iss 15 (Aug 09)

Phosphonic acid-based amphiphilic diblock copolymers derived from ROMP
Tarik Eren, Gregory N. Tew
p 3949-3956

JPSA, Vol 47, Iss 14 (July 09)

Sequential thiol-ene/thiol-ene and thiol-ene/thiol-yne reactions as a route to well-defined mono and bis end-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Bing Yu, Justin W. Chan, Charles E. Hoyle, Andrew B. Lowe
p 3544-3557

Alkenyl-functionalized precursors for renewable hydrogels design
Jens Voepel, Ulrica Edlund, Ann-Christine Albertsson
p 3595-3606

Biomacromolecules, Vol 10, Iss 6 (June 09)

Temperature-Induced Intracellular Uptake of Thermoresponsive Polymeric Micelles
Jun Akimoto, Masamichi Nakayama, Kiyotaka Sakai and Teruo Okano
pp 1331–1336

Chemical Structure of Cationic Groups in Amphiphilic Polymethacrylates Modulates the Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activities
Edmund F. Palermo and Kenichi Kuroda
pp 1416–1428

Non-cytotoxic Silver Nanoparticle-Polysaccharide Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Activity
Andrea Travan, Chiara Pelillo, Ivan Donati, Eleonora Marsich, Monica Benincasa, Tommaso Scarpa, Sabrina Semeraro, Gianluca Turco, Renato Gennaro and Sergio Paoletti
pp 1429–1435

Assessment of Antibacterial Properties of Polyvinylamine (PVAm) with Different Charge Densities and Hydrophobic Modifications
Eva-Helena Westman, Monica Ek, Lars-Erik Enarsson and Lars Wågberg
pp 1478–1483

Langmuir, Vol 25, Iss 13 (June 09)

C2AB: A Molecular Glue for Lipid Vesicles with a Negatively Charged Surface
Jiajie Diao, Tae-Young Yoon, Zengliu Su, Yeon-Kyun Shin and Taekjip Ha
pp 7177–7180

Rate of Permeabilization of Giant Vesicles by Amphiphilic Polyacrylates Compared to the Adsorption of These Polymers onto Large Vesicles and Tethered Lipid Bilayers
F. Vial, F. Cousin, L. Bouteiller and C. Tribet
pp 7506–7513

Synthesis and Micellar Self-Assembly of Ternary Hydrophilic−Lipophilic−Fluorophilic Block Copolymers with a Linear PEO Chain
Katja Skrabania, Andr Laschewsky, Hans v. Berlepsch and Christoph Bttcher
pp 7594–7601

Polyelectrolyte Multilayers with Intrinsic Antimicrobial Functionality: The Importance of Mobile Polycations
Jenny A. Lichter and Michael F. Rubner
pp 7686–7694

Langmuir, Vol 25, Iss 12 (June 09)

Interaction of an Antimicrobial Peptide with a Model Lipid Bilayer Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Wael Soliman, Subir Bhattacharjee and Kamaljit Kaur
pp 6591–6595

UV-Driven Reversible Switching of a Polystyrene/Titania Nanocomposite Coating between Superhydrophobicity and Superhydrophilicity
Weixin Hou and Qihua Wang
pp 6875–6879

Tuesday, June 2, 2009

Macromolecular Rapid Communicatons 2009-11

Supramolecular Network Based on the Self-Assembly of g-Cyclodextrin with Poly(ethylene glycol) and its Shape Memory Effect
Min-Min Fan, Zhi-Jun Yu, Hai-Ya Luo, Sheng Zhang,* Bang-jing Li*

Especially for Ke....

25 YEARS of Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research - Lots of good stuff in this issue (see below)

2 Articles for membrane people:

Toy amphiphiles on the computer: What can we learn from generic models? (p 741-751)
Friederike Schmid
Mesoscopic Membrane Physics: Concepts, Simulations, and Selected Applications (p 752-771)
Markus Deserno

For surface people:
Nonfouling Polypeptide Brushes via Surface-initiated Polymerization of Nepsiv-oligo(ethylene glycol)succinate-L-lysine N-carboxyanhydride (p 845-850)
Jing Wang, Matthew I. Gibson, Raphaël Barbey, Shou-Jun Xiao, Harm-Anton Klok
Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Protein-Functionalized Hydrogel Films (p 872-877)
Alena Aulasevich, Robert F. Roskamp, Ulrich Jonas, Bernhard Menges, Jakub Dostálek, Wolfgang Knoll

Nature, No. 7245.

Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes

Shawn M. Douglas, Hendrik Dietz, Tim Liedl, Björn Högberg, Franziska Graf & William M. Shih, p. 414

Nature Chemical Biology 5, 383 - 390 (2009) Published online: 15 May 2009 | doi:10.1038/nchembio.181

Force probing surfaces of living cells to molecular resolution

Daniel J Müller1, Jonne Helenius1, David Alsteens2 & Yves F Dufrêne2


Biological processes rely on molecular interactions that can be directly measured using force spectroscopy techniques. Here we review how atomic force microscopy can be applied to force probe surfaces of living cells to single-molecule resolution. Such probing of individual interactions can be used to map cell surface receptors, and to assay the receptors' functional states, binding kinetics and landscapes. This information provides unique insight into how cells structurally and functionally modulate the molecules of their surfaces to interact with the cellular environment.
The relationship between the antimicrobial effect of catheter coatings containing silver nanoparticles and the coagulation of contacting blood

Kris N.J. Stevens, Olga Crespo-Biel, Edith E.M. van den Bosch, Aylvin A. Dias, Menno L.W. Knetsch, Yvette B.J. Aldenhoff, Frederik H. van der Veen, Jos G. Maessen, Ellen E. Stobberingh, Leo H. Koole
Fig. 8. (a) Platelets adhered to a Sil catheter. The platelets have a spread dendritic morphology. (b) Dendritic platelets adhered to a PVC catheter.

Biomaterials Volume 30, Issue 22, August 2009, Pages 3637-3644


Cell attachment functionality of bioactive conducting polymers for neural interfaces


Rylie A. Green, Nigel H. Lovell, Laura A. Poole-Warren



Fig. 12. Oxidation and reduction behaviour of conducting polymers are dependent on dopant size. Small anion A is able to migrate in and out of the PPy matrix to balance the charge across the backbone. Large anion B is immobilised within the PPy matrix and hence relies on smaller cation X+ to migrate into the polymer from the surrounding electrolyte and maintain charge balance across the polymer.

Monday, June 1, 2009

Biochemistry 2009, 48, 3977–3987

Cholesterol Exposure at the Membrane Surface Is Necessary and Sufficient
to Trigger Perfringolysin O Binding

John J. Flanagan, Rodney K. Tweten, Arthur E. Johnson, and Alejandro P. Heuck*

J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 7059–7063

Template-Assisted Generation of Nanocavities within Plasma Polymer Films
Krasimir Vasilev, Ana Casanal, Hela Challougui, and Hans J. Griesser

J. Phys. Chem B 2009, 113, 7041–7044

Hydrogen Bonding in ortho-Substituted Arylamides: The Influence of Protic Solvents
Zhiwei Liu, Richard C. Remsing, Dahui Liu, Guillermo Moyna, and Vojislava Pophristic

J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 7681–7686

High-Speed Vibrational Imaging and Spectral Analysis of Lipid Bodies by Compound
Raman Microscopy

Mikhail N. Slipchenko, Thuc T. Le, Hongtao Chen, and Ji-Xin Cheng

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1788 (2009) 1523–1533

Membrane perturbation by the antimicrobial peptide PMAP-23: A fluorescence and
molecular dynamics study

Barbara Orioni , Gianfranco Bocchinfuso, Jin Young Kim, Antonio Palleschi, Giacinto Grande,
Sara Bobone, Yoonkyung Park, Jae Il Kim, Kyung-soo Hahm, Lorenzo Stella⁎

organic letters, 2009, 11, 1801

One-Pot Double Suzuki-Miyaura Couplings: Rapid Access to Nonsymmetrical Tri(hetero)aryl Derivatives

Floriane Beaumard, Philippe Dauban,* and Robert H. Dodd*

new journal of chemistry, 2009, 33,902

Metallo-gels and organo-gels with tripodal cyclotriveratrylene-type and 1,3,5-substituted benzene-type ligands
Aleema Westcott, Christopher J. Sumby, Richard D. Walshaw and Michaele J. Hardie

new journal of chemistry, 2009, 33, 1070

Metal–organic gels as functionalisable supports for catalysis

Jianyong Zhang,*a Xiaobing Wang,a Lisi He,a Liuping Chen,a Cheng-Yong Suaand Stuart L. Jamesb

Nature Materials 8, 507 - 511 (2009)

Templated formation of giant polymer vesicles with controlled size distributions

Abstract:
Unilamellar polymer vesicles are formed when a block copolymer self-assembles to form a single bilayer structure, with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic surfaces, and the resulting membrane folds over and rearranges by connecting its edges to enclose a space. The physics of self-assembly tightly specifies the wall thickness of the resulting vesicle, but, both for polymer vesicles and phospholipids, no mechanism strongly selects for the overall size, so the size distribution of vesicles tends to be very polydisperse. We report a method for the production of controlled size distributions of micrometre-sized (that is, giant) vesicles combining the 'top-down' control of micrometre-sized features (vesicle diameter) by photolithography and dewetting with the 'bottom-up' control of nanometre-sized features (membrane thickness) by molecular self-assembly. It enables the spontaneous creation of unilamellar vesicles with a narrow size distribution that could find applications in drug and gene delivery, nano- and micro-reactors, substrates for macromolecular crystallography and model systems for studies of membrane function.

Nature Materials 8, 457 - 470 (2009) : REVIEW

Complexity in biomaterials for tissue engineering

Abstract:
The molecular and physical information coded within the extracellular milieu is informing the development of a new generation of biomaterials for tissue engineering. Several powerful extracellular influences have already found their way into cell-instructive scaffolds, while others remain largely unexplored. Yet for commercial success tissue engineering products must be not only efficacious but also cost-effective, introducing a potential dichotomy between the need for sophistication and ease of production. This is spurring interest in recreating extracellular influences in simplified forms, from the reduction of biopolymers into short functional domains, to the use of basic chemistries to manipulate cell fate. In the future these exciting developments are likely to help reconcile the clinical and commercial pressures on tissue engineering.

ACS Nano, 2009, 3 (5), pp 1063–1068

Quantum Dot−Block Copolymer Hybrids with Improved Properties and Their Application to Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Devices

Abstract:
To combine the optical properties of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with the electrical properties of semiconducting polymers, we prepared QD/polymer hybrids by grafting a block copolymer (BCP) containing thiol-anchoring moieties (poly(para-methyl triphenylamine-b-cysteamine acrylamide)) onto the surfaces of QDs through the ligand exchange procedure. The prepared QD/polymer hybrids possess improved processability such as enhanced solubility in various organic solvents as well as the film formation properties along with the improved colloidal stability derived from the grafted polymer shells. We also demonstrated light-emitting diodes based on QD/polymer hybrids, exhibiting the improved device performance (i.e., 3-fold increase in the external quantum efficiency) compared with the devices prepared by pristine (unmodified) QDs.

ACS Nano, 2009, 3 (5), pp 1057–1062

Functionalized Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical Reinforcement of Polymeric Composites

Abstract:
Compared to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and more defective multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), the thin few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) are believed to have extraordinary mechanical properties. However, the enhancement of mechanical properties in FWNTs-polymer composites has remained elusive. In this study, free-standing carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer composite films were fabricated with three types (SWNTs, FWNTs, MWNTs) of functionalized CNTs. The mechanical properties of composite films have been investigated. It is observed that the Young’s modulus of composite films with only 0.2 wt % functionalized FWNTs shows a remarkable reinforcement value of dY/dVf = 1658 GPa, which is 400 GPa higher than the highest value (dY/dVf = 1244 GPa) that was previously reported. In addition, the Young’s modulus increased steadily with the increased concentration of FWNTs. The results indicated that FWNTs are practically the optimum reinforcing filler for the next generation of carbon nanotube-based composite materials.

Sunday, May 31, 2009

JACS, 131, 7206-7478, 2009

Multifunctional Prenylated Peptides for Live Cell Analysis
James W. Wollack, Nicholette A. Zeliadt, Daniel G. Mullen, Gregg Amundson, Suzanne Geier, Stacy Falkum, Elizabeth V. Wattenberg, George Barany and Mark D. Distefanopp
pp. 7293–7303
General Synthetic Route to Cell-Permeable Block Copolymers via ROMP
Erin M. Kolonko, Jason K. Pontrello, Shane L. Mangold and Laura L. Kiessling
pp 7327–7333

JACS, 131, 6888-7204, 2009

Evidence for Ligand-Induced Paramagnetism in CdSe Quantum Dots
Robert W. Meulenberg, Jonathan R. I. Lee, Scott K. McCall, Khalid M. Hanif, Daniel Haskel, Jonathan C. Lang, Louis J. Terminello and Tony van Buurenpp
pp. 6888–6889
Photogelling Colloidal Dispersions Based on Light-Activated Assembly of Nanoparticles
Kunshan Sun, Rakesh Kumar, Daniel E. Falvey and Srinivasa R. Raghavan
pp. 7135–7141

JACS, 131, 6644-6886, 2009

Heterogeneous Catalysis of a Copper-Coated Atomic Force Microscopy Tip for Direct-Write Click Chemistry
Walter F. Paxton, Jason M. Spruell and J. Fraser Stoddartpp
pp. 6692–6694

JACS, 131, 6310-6642, 2009

Fluorescent BODIPY-Based Zn(II) Complex as a Molecular Probe for Selective Detection of Neurofibrillary Tangles in the Brains of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Akio Ojida, Takashi Sakamoto, Masa-aki Inoue, Sho-hei Fujishima, Guy Lippens and Itaru Hamachipp
pp.6543–6548

Saturday, May 30, 2009

Langmuir, Vol 25, Iss 11 (June 09)

Microcontact Printing and Lithographic Patterning of Electrospun Nanofibers
J. Shi, L. Wang and Y. Chen
pp 6015–6018

Interaction of Blood Plasma with Antifouling Surfaces
C. Rodriguez Emmenegger, E. Brynda, T. Riedel, Z. Sedlakova, M. Houska and A. Bologna Alles pp 6328–6333

Langmuir, Vol 25, Iss 10 (May 09)

Structural Properties and Antibacterial Effects of Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Sol−Gel Coatings for Cotton Fabrics
Alja Vilnik, Ivan Jerman, Angela urca Vuk, Matja Koelj, Boris Orel, Brigita Tomi, Barbara Simoni and Janez Kova
pp 5869–5880

Langmuir, Vol 25, Iss 9 (May 09)

Oligo(ethylene oxide) Self-Assembled Monolayers with Self-Limiting Packing Densities for the Inhibition of Nonspecific Protein Adsorption
David J. Vanderah, Ryan J. Vierling and Marlon L. Walker
pp 5026–5030

Biomacromolecules, Vol 10, Iss 5, May 09

Synthesis and Characterization of Glycerol Dendrons, Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold: A Detailed Study of Their Protein Resistance
Monika Wyszogrodzka and Rainer Haag
pp 1043–1054


Hyperbranched PEI with Various Oligosaccharide Architectures: Synthesis, Characterization, ATP Complexation, and Cellular Uptake Properties
Dietmar Appelhans, Hartmut Komber, Mohiuddin Abdul Quadir, Sven Richter, Simona Schwarz, Jereon van der Vlist, Achim Aigner, Martin Mller, Katja Loos, Jrgen Seidel, Karl-Friedrich Arndt, Rainer Haag and Brigitte Voit
pp 1114–1124


Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of Cationic Protein Polymers for Multivalent Display and Biomaterial Applications
Nicolynn E. Davis, Lindsay S. Karfeld-Sulzer, Sheng Ding and Annelise E. Barron
pp 1125–1134


Influence of Polycation Molecular Weight on Poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-Mediated DNA Delivery In Vitro
John M. Layman, Sean M. Ramirez, Matthew D. Green and Timothy E. Long
pp 1244–1252

JACS,131, 6038-6308, 2009

Solar Water Oxidation by Composite Catalyst/α-Fe2O3 Photoanodes
Diane K. Zhong, Jianwei Sun, Hiroki Inumaru and Daniel R. Gamelinpp
pp. 6086–6087
Differentiating Solvation Mechanisms at Polar Solid/Liquid Interfaces
Michael R. Brindza and Robert A. Walkerpp
pp.6207–6214
β-Lactam Probes As Selective Chemical-Proteomic Tools for the Identification and Functional Characterization of Resistance Associated Enzymes in MRSA
Isabell Staub and Stephan A. Sieberpp
pp.6271–6276

Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol 210, Iss 11, June 09

PMMA Brushes Prepared in an Ionic Liquid
Sebastian K. Nett, Gunnar Kircher, Jochen S. Gutmann
p 971-976

Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol 210, Iss 9, May 09

Novel Biodegradable Heterografted Polymer Brushes Prepared via a Chemoenzymatic Approach
Marc Hans, Yan Xiao, Helmut Keul, Andreas Heise, Martin Moeller
(p 736-746)

Friday, May 29, 2009

Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009,19, 1–7

Conductive Core–Sheath Nanofibers and Their Potential Application in Neural Tissue Engineering

Jingwei Xie, Matthew R. MacEwan, Stephanie M. Willerth, Xiaoran Li, Daniel W. Moran, Shelly E. Sakiyama-Elbert, and Younan Xia

Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009,19, 1–6

Densely Packed Arrays of Ultra-High-Aspect-Ratio Silicon Nanowires Fabricated using Block-Copolymer Lithography and Metal-Assisted Etching
Shih-Wei Chang, Vivian P. Chuang, Steven T. Boles, Caroline A. Ross, and Carl V. Thompson