Nano Lett., 2011, 11 (4), pp 1810–1813

Batteries for Efficient Energy Extraction from a Water Salinity Difference

Fabio La Mantia†, Mauro Pasta†‡, Heather D. Deshazer†, Bruce E. Logan§, and Yi Cui*†
† Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
‡ Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica “Lamberto Malatesta”, Universit degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
§ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States