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Surface-Engineered Gold Nanorods: Promising DNA Vaccine Adjuvant for HIV-1 Treatment Ligeng Xu†, Ye Liu‡, Zhiyun Chen†, Wei Li§, Ying Liu†, Liming Wang†§, Yong Liu‡, Xiaochun Wu*, Yinglu Ji, Yuliang Zhao†§, Liying Ma‡, Yiming Shao‡, and Chunying Chen*† † CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China ‡ National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention of China CDC, Beijing, 102206, China § CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China